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Vol. 2(3) March 2013
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Global Advanced
Research Journal of Microbiology (GARJM) ISSN: 2315-5116
March 2013 Vol.
2(3), pp 047-053
Copyright © 2013 Global Advanced
Research Journals
Full Length Research Paper
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Differential HIV-1 Co-Receptor Usage in Blood and
the Reproductive Tract: Implications for Co-Receptor
Antagonist Usage
*Kemebradikumo
Pondei1, Mieebi Wankasi2 and
Juliana Pondei3
1Department
of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology
2Department
of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Basic
Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger
Delta University, Amassoma, Wilberforce Island,
Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
3Department
of Biology, Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa
State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author Email:
kemepondei@hotmail.com;
Tel: +2348030940882
Accepted 11 March, 2013
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Abstract |
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The Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is
still a serious global health problem especially in
Sub-Saharan Africa. HIV-1 most times uses two
co-receptors (CCR5 or CXCR4) for infection of
permissible cells. Without these receptors, HIV-1
cannot establish infection. The introduction of
co-receptor antagonists in the treatment of HIV-1
infection has made co-receptor usage determination
very important. This study sought to predict the
co-receptor usage of viral sequences derived from
the blood and genital tract. Using the charge rule
and PSSM algorithm, the co-receptor usage of HIV-1
sequences derived from the blood and genital tract
of 29 HIV-1 infected patients (10 male, 19 female)
was predicted. 14 out of 29 patients had CXCR4-using
viruses in at least one body compartment. 13 of
these had mixtures of X4 and R5 viruses in either
compartment, whilst one patient had only X4 viruses
in both compartments. 15 patients had R5 viruses
only in both compartments. The same co-receptor
usage was predicted using the charge rule and PSSM
for only the HIV-1 subtypes B sequences. The
presence of CXCR4-using viruses in not easily
accessible compartments like the genital tract could
have serious implications in the treatment of HIV-1
infection with new drugs like maraviroc, as
co-receptor usage testing done before therapy uses
blood samples only. X4 viruses could be present in
other compartments of the body. We suggest the
testing of samples from other compartments of the
body in addition to blood, to forestall outgrowth of
X4 viruses where cryptic X4 viruses exist.
Keywords: Maraviroc, CXCR4, CCR5, Co-receptor
usage
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