Pre-Extensive Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (Pre-XDR-TB) among MDR-TB Patents in Nigeria

*Olusoji Daniel,**Eltayeb Osman, **Olanrewaju Oladimeji and **Olapade Gbolahan Dairo,

*Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care,Olabisi Onabanjo

University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu Ogun State Nigeria.

**Damien Foundation Belgium (DFB), Nigeria

Corresponding Author’s E-mail: sojidaniel@yahoo.com  

Tel: +2348036591678

Accepted 25 January, 2013

Abstract

Objective: to determine the prevalence and resistance pattern of pre-extensively resistant tuberculosis among multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients in South West Nigeria. Methodology: A review of the clinical records of all multidrug resistant TB patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2011 was done. Data was collected on clinical information and resistant pattern of all MDR-TB patients. Results: A total of 60 MDR-TB patients who had failed category 2 treatment under the national TB treatment guidelines were included in this study. There were 34 males (56.7%) and 26 females (43.3%).  The age range was 19-60 years. The pre-XDR TB prevalence rate among MDR-TB patients was 16.7%. The resistance profile of the 10 pre-XDR TB patients. 8 (80%) were resistant to Ofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), 2 (20%) was resistant to Kanamycin (second line anti TB injectable). Other resistant pattern to second line drugs observed in the study includes resistance to Cycoserine (20%), Prothionamide (10%) and Ethionamide (30%). Also nine of the ten Pre-XDR TB patients were resistant to all the first line anti-TB drugs. Conclusion: There is a growing problem of pre-XDR TB in Nigeria. Urgent steps needs to be taken to stem the tide. There is the need to put in place strategies to identify Pre-XDR TB patients from among MDR-TB patients and ensure that they are closely monitored during treatment to guarantee cure and forestall the progression to XDR-TB.

Keywords: Multidrug Resiatant Tuberculosis, Pre- extensively resistant TB, Nigeria