Clinical presentation of diabetic emergencies in university hospital

Maimoona Mushtaq Ahmed

Associate professor/consultant physician, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

E-mail: maimoonaa@yahoo.com; Phone: 966-5055675863

Accepted 07 October, 2014

Abstract

One of the acute complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is Hyperglycemic Emergencies (HEs), they are widespread in nature. There are only few studies in relation to DM complication in Saudi Arabia. The present study focused on the clinical characteristics which is associated with this DM complication. Present study focused on DM patients with (HEs) patients admitted in an urban hospital in Saudi Arabia. Laboratory data and hospitalization outcome data were pooled, where the outcome measures such as case fatality rates, mortality rates, and predictive factors for HEs mortality were monitored in order to identify the predictors of HEs. The statistical tools like χ², t test and logistic regression were employed. In the current, a total of 117 subjects with HEs were include, among which 97 (82.9%) patients were female, were as 20 (17.1%) patients were male. Type I DM were observed in 88.9 % of the subject and 13 (11.1 %) were diagnosed with Type II DM. out of 97 females, 88 (90.7%) had type 1 DM while 9 (9.3%) had type 2 DM. On the other hand, 20 male with HEs consequences, 16 (80%) had type 1 DM while 4 (20%) of them had type 2 DM. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) and Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were documented in 117 study subjects. On the basis of biochemical parameters of HEs shows a significant difference in the mean of Blood Sugar (p=0.00) and plasma Osmolality (p=0.05). Both the DKA and HHS electrolyte’s subject shows a statistically significant difference in the mean pH (p=0.01), Urea (p=0.01), Creatinine (p=0.00), and HCO3 (p=0.00). HHS Shows higher rate than DKA in both Type I and Type II DM patients in Saudi Arabia.  

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), HEs, HHS, DKA